100 Most Important Women in World History

From time to time, people publish lists of top 100 of women in history. As I think about who Id put into my own Top 100 list of women important to world history, the women in the list below would at least make it to my first draft list. Womens Rights European and British Olympe de Gouges: in the French Revolution, declared that women were equal to menMary Wollstonecraft: British author and philosopher, mother of modern feminismHarriet Martineau: wrote about politics, economics, religion, philosophyEmmeline Pankhurst: key British woman suffrage radical; Founder, Womens Social and Political Union, 1903Simone de Beauvoir: 20th-century feminist theorist Americans Judith Sargent Murray: American writer who wrote early feminist essayMargaret Fuller: Transcendentalist writerElizabeth Cady Stanton: womens rights and woman suffrage theorist and activistSusan B. Anthony: womens rights and woman suffrage spokesperson and leaderLucy Stone: abolitionist, womens rights advocateAlice Paul: a primary organizer for the last winning years of womens suffrageCarrie Chapman Catt: a longtime organizer for woman suffrage, organized international suffrage leadersBetty Friedan: feminist whose book helped launch the so-called second waveGloria Steinem: theorist and writer whose Ms. Magazine helped shape the second wave Heads of State Ancient, Medieval, Renaissance Hatshepsut: Pharaoh of Egypt who took male powers for herselfCleopatra of Egypt: last pharaoh of Egypt, active in Roman politicsGalla Placidia: Roman Empress and regentBoudicca (or Boadicea): warrior queen of the CeltsTheodora, Empress of Byzantium, married to JustinianIsabella I of Castile and Aragon, ruler of Spain who, as a partner ruler with her husband,  drove the Moors from Granada, expelled unconverted Jews from Spain, sponsored Christopher Columbus voyage to the New World, established the InquisitionElizabeth I of England, whose long rule was honored by calling that time period the Elizabethan Age Modern Catherine the Great of Russia: expanded Russias borders and promoted westernization and modernizationChristina of Sweden: patron of art and philosophy, abdicated on conversion to Roman CatholicismQueen Victoria: another influential queen for whom a whole age is namedCixi (Tzu-hsi or Hsiao-chin), last Dowager Empress of China, wielding enormous power as she opposed foreign influence and ruled strongly internallyIndira Gandhi: Prime Minister of India, also the daughter, mother, and mother-in-law of other Indian politiciansGolda Meir: Prime Minister of Israel during Yom Kippur WarMargaret Thatcher: British prime minister who dismantled social servicesCorazon Aquino: President of Philippines, reform political candidate More Politics Asian Sarojini Naidu: poet and political activist, the first Indian woman president of the Indian National Congress European and British Joan of Arc: legendary saint and martyrMadame de Stael: intellectual and salonist American Barbara Jordan: first Southern African American woman elected to CongressMargaret Chase Smith: Republican Senator from Maine, the first woman elected to both the House and the Senate, first woman to have her name placed in nomination at a Republican party conventionEleanor Roosevelt: wife and widow of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, his eyes and ears as president hampered by polio, and a human rights activist in her own right Religion European and British Hildegard of Bingen: abbess, mystic and visionary, composer of music and writer of books on many secular and religious topicsPrincess Olga of Kiev: her marriage was the occasion of the conversion of Kiev (to become Russia) to Christianity, considered the first saint of the Russian Orthodox ChurchJeanne dAlbret  (Jeanne of Navarre): Huguenot Protestant leader in France, ruler of Navarre, mother of Henry IV American Mary Baker Eddy: founder of Christian Science, author of key scriptures of that faith, founder of The Christian Science Monitor Inventors and Scientists Hypatia: philosopher, mathematician, and martyred by the Christian churchSophie Germain: mathematician whose work is still used in the construction of skyscrapersAda Lovelace: pioneer in mathematics, created the concept of an operating system or softwareMarie Curie: mother of modern physics, two-time Nobel Prize winnerMadam C. J. Walker: inventor, entrepreneur, millionaire, philanthropistMargaret Mead: anthropologistJane Goodall: primatologist and researcher, worked with chimpanzees in Africa Medicine and Nursing Trota or Trotula: a medieval medical writer (probably)Florence Nightingale: nurse, reformer, helped establish standards for nursingDorothea Dix: advocate for the mentally ill, supervisor of nurses in the U.S. Civil WarClara Barton: founder of the Red Cross, organized nursing services in the U.S. Civil WarElizabeth Blackwell: first  woman to graduate from medical school (M.D.) and a pioneer in educating women in medicine  Elizabeth Garrett Anderson:  first woman to successfully complete the medical qualifying exams in Great Britain; first woman physician in Great Britain; advocate of womens suffrage and womens opportunities in higher education; first woman in England elected as mayor Social Reform Americans Jane Addams: founder of Hull-House and of the social work professionFrances Willard: temperance activist, speaker, educatorHarriet Tubman:  fugitive slave, underground railroad conductor, abolitionist, spy, soldier, Civil War, nurseSojourner Truth: black abolitionist who also advocated for woman suffrage and met Abraham Lincoln at the White HouseMary Church Terrell: civil rights leader, founder of National Association of Colored Women, charter NAACP memberIda Wells-Barnett:  anti-lynching crusader, reporter, an early activist for racial justiceRosa Parks:  civil rights activist, especially known for desegregating buses in Montgomery, Alabama More Elizabeth Fry: prison reform, mental asylum reform, reform of convict shipsWangari Maathai: environmentalist, educator Writers Sappho: poet of ancient GreeceAphra Behn: first woman to make a living through writing; dramatist, novelist, translator, and poetLady Murasaki: wrote  whats considered the worlds first novel,  The Tale of GenjiHarriet Martineau: wrote about economics, politics, philosophy, religionJane Austen: wrote popular novels of the Romantic periodCharlotte Bronte: along with her sister Emily, author of key early 19th century novels by womenEmily Dickinson: inventive poet and recluseSelma Lagerlof: first woman to win Nobel Prize for LiteratureToni Morrison:  first African American woman to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature (1993)Alice Walker:  author of  The Color Purple; Pulitzer Prize; recovered work of Zora Neale Hurston; worked against female circumcision

Why Mental Illness Has Changed American Views On Mental...

Mental illness has continually been part of life in the United States, albeit a part of American life that is not often discussed. Insane asylums for housing the mentally ill developed later during colonial America. New scientific ideas and the continuing influence of the Enlightenment led to further usage of insane asylums, where a widely-used architectural style developed. Commonly known as Kirkbride or linear plan asylums, these asylums were popular in the mid-nineteenth century, and were massive, intimidating structures built to impress visitors while providing care to the mentally ill housed inside. This actual style was predominant from the 1850s to just after the Civil War and their creation and fall from popularity changed†¦show more content†¦This thesis will bridge the gap between these two theories. It will also address the theoretical division in the historiography. The architecture of Kirkbride asylums suggests that there was a dual purpose in the creation of th ese massive, imposing buildings; they were created to treat the mentally ill, but the idealistic writings of superintendents of this period did not reflect the true reality of asylum life, and thus control played a large aspect in the building and workings of insane asylums in mid-nineteenth century America. There have been scholarly works published about both Kirkbride asylums and insane asylums in the United States in general. Dr. Henry M. Hurd, a Superintendent at John Hopkins Hospital, wrote a four-volume book called The Institutional Care of the Insane in the United States and Canada in 1916, which was one of the first comprehensive scholarly works on mental hospitals in the United States. His view is important, as he admonished the Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane (AMSAII), a group of superintendents over insane asylums, to change its name and focus, as it had changed since Kirkbride’s time. He gave histories of these ment al hospitals, and his figures are used through the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Another earlier source on this subject is Margaret McCulloch’s â€Å"Founding the North Carolina Asylum for the Insane.† Her article focused on North Carolina and

Let Task Free Essays

Individual task outcomes should also be evaluated. The value of using common sets of evaluation criteria Is better in the long run because It will be the same across the board. This will make the process fair to all the employees that are being evaluated. We will write a custom essay sample on Let Task or any similar topic only for you Order Now To be evaluated on only one or two out of the three mentioned above would be unfair to all of the employees. If one employee was exceptional on behavior and Individual task outcomes and another employee was exception on behavior and traits rating on just behavior and traits would not be fair to the first employee. Rating employees on a broader scale produces better employees in the long run. They have the three areas that they can work on and excel to become a better fit for the organization. Now the 360-degree evaluation works by evaluating the employees on the set criteria however their direct supervisor is not the only person evaluating them. These evaluations are performed by the customers, suppliers, supervisors, and coworkers. This Is very diverse way of rating an individual’s performance. One could have a certain behavior around the boss but once he/she Is out of sight the Individual may retreat other employees poorly. This Is a major advantage to a 360-degree evaluation since the employees have to keep a good rapport with all people they contact. On the other hand the 360-degree evaluation also has some disadvantages. I have an example that has happened to me and my co-workers due to an evaluation of this type. I worked for a large banking organization and we had phone contact with the customers discussing their credit card application. We either told them we approved them or if they were decline. No matter the decision, surveys were sent out Mandalay. No matter how nice and courteous I would be to someone if I did not approve them and give them a high enough credit line that survey would not come back with positive marks. Everyone found this out early on and began to give In to customer demands and thus the banks credit loses started to Increase. In this case the 360-degree can have negative Impacts on the company If the employees start to cater to one aspect of it and the employees if they do honest work and decline Commonly used methods of performance evaluations like written essays, graphic eating scales, and forced comparisons all have their similarities and differences. For instance written essays and rating scales both have to be filled out by the supervisor. They can relay the same evaluation in the end, but the written essay might mean more to an employee since it takes the manager more effort to write. On the other hand the written essay could be a bad thing if the writing skills of the managers are not up to par. Forced comparisons, like the other methods, are good at measuring and ranking your employees abilities, however ranking your employees can turn into popularity contest instead of a true ranking. I chose these three methods because my current employer uses a combination of all three. We have the graphical part that measures everyone on the same scale. Then we have the essay part which covers skills and goals not mentioned in the graphical part, and then the managers meet to rank all of the employees 1-5. I think when used in combination these three commonly used methods work the best. Used individually all 3 of these method also have bias’ and errors. As mentioned the essay method is only as good as the manager’s ability to write the essay. If a manager is unable to string a complete sentence together the employee is not going to see the managers intentions through the written word. With the graphical method while easier for the managers since they have a form to fill out it can be ineffective since it only ranks the employees on the topics that are provided on the forms. A manager might have a specialized employee that does something that no other employee does but has no way of expressing this since it is a basic form. And the final method of forced comparisons ranks the employees as if it were a popularity notes. If manager is fond of 4 employees and only has 20 there is a good chance that those 4 employees will always rank in the top one fifth leaving an employee that does comparable or better work on the outside looking in. To improve the performance evaluation process in the given scenario I believe there should be multiple methods used to evaluate the employee’s productivity, behavior, and traits. To do this effectively the 360-degree method should be implemented but only allow it to account for 15% percent of the overall evaluation. This allows the co-workers and customers to get a say on how an individual is doing in those areas score. This should be done in a graphical method only so it is a fair evaluation to the individual. Next there should be a combination of the graphical method and the essay method for the direct manager/supervisor to evaluate the employee. This should account for 45% of the evaluation. The final 40% should be on productivity alone. In the scenario given the employee in question no doubt has superb productivity, but in the current method of evaluation the employee gets no credit for it. How to cite Let Task, Papers

Ap English Literature Essay Prompts Example For Students

Ap English Literature Essay Prompts At the centre of Keatss imaginative achievement lie the two narrative poems, Isabella and The Eve of St Agnes and the ballad La Belle Dame sans Merci. What links these three poems is their attention to the concept of love and relationships between men and women. There are many parallels between La Belle Dame sans Merci, Isabella and The Eve of St Agnes, and owing to the fact that Isabella and The Eve of St Agnes were written within months of one another, one might reasonably expect to find similarities of interest, theme or mood between them, however unique and distinctive each poem may be. Whilst Isabella and The Eve of St Agnes are both narrative poems, La Belle Dame sans Mercis brief, restrained, ballad-like form has been said to raise different questions from those which arise in extended narrative. What is noticeable about Keatss work is that it can be related to inner conflicts, as love is intertwined with pain, and pleasure is intertwined with death, in the three poems La Belle Dame sans Merci, Isabella and The Eve of St Agnes. La Belle Dame sans Merci, which translates as The beautiful lady without mercy, takes its title from an early 15th Century poem by Alain Chartier and is thought to have been inspired by the 17th Century ballad, Thomas the Rhymer. Although the poems share the same name they are remarkably different; whilst Chartiers work belongs to the tradition of courtly love, Keatss own version appears to antagonise the very concept courtly love. In short, the ballad has been read as the story of a seductive and treacherous woman who tempts men away from the real world and leaves them vulnerable, alone, their dreams unfulfilled and their lives cursed. Whilst the ballad is appears superficially simple, it is arguably one of Keatss most difficult poems to fully explain and therefore is subject to many interpretations. The most common reading of the ballad is that of0 the femme fatale figure who tempts her knight with beauty and ultimately causes his downfall. The subject of Isabella or The Pot of Basil was based upon a 14th Century macabre tale in Boccaccios Decameron, which tells of a love borne by Isabella, a damsel of Messina, for Lorenzo, a youth employed by her calculating merchant brothers. Although Keatss dismissed the poem as weak-sided and being too smokeable, it was very popular with the Pre-Raphaelites and inspired several paintings, however, it was disliked by many 19th Century critics and has only recently been considered worthy of reconsideration. The original tale is though to have presented Keats with a number of entrees into his own personal and psychological territory, and to have spoken to him about his worst fears about his origins, his parents wasted lives and his own anxieties about his identity and future as a poet. The Eve of St Agnes is based on the belief that on January 20th, a girl could see her future husband in her dreams if she performed certain rites on the eve of St Agnes, the patron saint of virgins. It was believed that if she went to bed without looking behind her and lay on her back with her hands behind her head, her future husband would appear in her dreams, kiss her and feast with her. The poem has been described as the closest Keats came to achieving a satisfactory fusion between idealised secret love and mortal life and the wealth of description within The Eve of St Agnes has meant that like Isabella, the poem was a favorite of the Pre-Raphaelites. Dealing with the issue of ardent young love in a hostile adult world has caused many comparisons of the poem to Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet with the two lovers being the children of sworn enemies, Porphyros stealing into Madelines home and the old beldame resembling the character of the Nurse. .u5e67023c1f32e628cb6a63dec915e769 , .u5e67023c1f32e628cb6a63dec915e769 .postImageUrl , .u5e67023c1f32e628cb6a63dec915e769 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5e67023c1f32e628cb6a63dec915e769 , .u5e67023c1f32e628cb6a63dec915e769:hover , .u5e67023c1f32e628cb6a63dec915e769:visited , .u5e67023c1f32e628cb6a63dec915e769:active { border:0!important; } .u5e67023c1f32e628cb6a63dec915e769 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5e67023c1f32e628cb6a63dec915e769 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5e67023c1f32e628cb6a63dec915e769:active , .u5e67023c1f32e628cb6a63dec915e769:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5e67023c1f32e628cb6a63dec915e769 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5e67023c1f32e628cb6a63dec915e769 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5e67023c1f32e628cb6a63dec915e769 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5e67023c1f32e628cb6a63dec915e769 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5e67023c1f32e628cb6a63dec915e769:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5e67023c1f32e628cb6a63dec915e769 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5e67023c1f32e628cb6a63dec915e769 .u5e67023c1f32e628cb6a63dec915e769-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5e67023c1f32e628cb6a63dec915e769:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Arthur Millers' formation of a miserable story The Crucible EssayWithin La Belle Dame sans Merci there are two voices; namely a questioner and the knight, to whom the questions are directed at. The poem opens with the unnamed questioner talking to the knight-at-arms who is said to be alone and palely-loitering. It is this description of the knight along with his wandering alone in a desolate landscape where the sedge has witherd from the lake and no birds sing that immediately implies his solitary feelings. Arguably, the wasteland that the knight finds himself on can be said to correspond to his psychological state. Keatss use of nature imagery in the first two stanzas work effectively, first, in setting the mood for the lonely and pondering knight, and second, to juxtapose the air of solitude that the reader is greeted with by referring to images of harvest and the autumn. The knight appears weak and is described as having a lilly on thy brow with anguish moist and fever dew, and it is in the knights attempt to describe to his questioner that the reader first becomes suspicious of the lady whom he encountered. Described as a faerys child, speaking in language strange and having wild wild eyes, the reader comes to understand that she is some sort of supernatural being. The reader learns that the lady feeds the knight roots of relish sweet, honey wild and manna dew, which not only denotes her intoxication of him, but also links to the scene in Shakespeares Midsummer Nights Dream where Titania, the fairy queen, feeds the mortal Bottom. She takes the knight to her elfin grot where he shuts her eyes with kisses four. What is paradoxical about his closing of her eyes is that she is then said to lull him asleep, which suggests her potentially treacherous nature, lulling him into a false sense of security. Her responsibility for the knights circumstance is confirmed by the dream he has of pale kings and princes too who cry La Belle Dame sans Merci Hath thee in thrall! His dream is to realise that he was just another one of the many men who have been tricked by La Belle Dame. He wakes a changed man in a changed world, as the bleak cold hill side juxtaposes the previous images of passion he shared with his lady. The brief affair between the lovers in La Belle Dame sans Merci is ambiguous owing to the fact that it is not explicit as to who seduced who, but also since their communication is implicit, the reader can never be sure of who was in control. After actively pursuing her, the knight and his lady change roles several times. He claims her by making a garland for her head and bracelets too and she reciprocates by looking at him as she did love. This is the knights interpretation of how his lady feels, however, this line is ambiguous in that the reader cannot be sure if it means that the lady looked as him when they were making love or if she looked at him as thought she loved him. He then takes charge by setting her upon his pacing steed, however it is she who feeds him and later leads him to her secret hideaway.